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Eurocode 3 Table of design material properties for structural steel

Description:
Design aid - Table of design material properties and mechanical properties for structural steel including density, yield strength fy, ultimate strength fu and elastic modulus E
According to:
EN 1993-1-1:2005+AC2:2009 Sections 3.2.1, 3.2.6
Supported National Annexes:
No Nationally Defined Parameters (NDPs) in the calculation
All Calculations
Tables
Material Design Properties for Structural Steel S235, S275, S355, S420, S450, S460 according to EN1993-1-1 §3.2.6
Material PropertyValue
Density ρ≈ 7850 kg/m3
Unit weight γ≈ 78.5 kN/m3
Modulus of elasticity E
(Young's modulus)		210000 MPa
Shear modulus GG = E / [2 ⋅ (1 + ν) ] ≈ 81000 MPa
Yield strength fysee table below
Ultimate strength fusee table below
Poisson's ratio in elastic range ν0.30
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion α12 ×10-6 °K-1
Structural Steel Strength Properties for elements with nominal thickness t ≤ 40 mm
EN10025-2
Hot rolled products -
Non-alloy structural steels		EN10025-3
Hot rolled products -
Normalized/normalized rolled weldable fine grain structural steels		EN10025-4
Hot rolled products -
Thermomechanical rolled weldable fine grain structural steels		EN10025-5
Hot rolled products -
Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance		EN10025-6
Hot rolled products -
High yield strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered condition		EN10210-1
Hot finished structural hollow sections -
Non-alloy and fine grain steels		EN10219-1
Cold formed welded structural hollow sections -
Non-alloy and fine grain steels
Symbol Description S235 S275 S355 S450 S275 N/NL S355 N/NL S420 N/NL S460 N/NL S275 M/ML S355 M/ML S420 M/ML S460 M/ML S235 W S355 W S460 Q/QL/QL1   S235 H S275 H S355 H S275 NH/NLH S355 NH/NLH S420 NH/NLH S460 NH/NLH S235 H S275 H S355 H S275 NH/NLH S355 NH/NLH S460 NH/NLH S275 MH/MLH S355 MH/MLH S420 MH/MLH S460 MH/MLH
fy (MPa) Yield strength 235 275 355 440 275 355 420 460 275 355 420 460 235 355 460 235 275 355 275 355 420 460 235 275 355 275 355 460 275 355 420 460
fu (MPa) Ultimate strength 360 430 490 550 390 490 520 540 370 470 520 540 360 490 570 360 430 510 390 490 540 560 360 430 510 370 470 550 360 470 500 530
Structural Steel Strength Properties for elements with nominal thickness 40 mm < t ≤ 80 mm
EN10025-2
Hot rolled products -
Non-alloy structural steels		EN10025-3
Hot rolled products -
Normalized/normalized rolled weldable fine grain structural steels		EN10025-4
Hot rolled products -
Thermomechanical rolled weldable fine grain structural steels		EN10025-5
Hot rolled products -
Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance		EN10025-6
Hot rolled products -
High yield strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered condition		EN10210-1
Hot finished structural hollow sections -
Non-alloy and fine grain steels		EN10219-1
Cold formed welded structural hollow sections -
Non-alloy and fine grain steels
Symbol Description S235 S275 S355 S450 S275 N/NL S355 N/NL S420 N/NL S460 N/NL S275 M/ML S355 M/ML S420 M/ML S460 M/ML S235 W S355 W S460 Q/QL/QL1   S235 H S275 H S355 H S275 NH/NLH S355 NH/NLH S420 NH/NLH S460 NH/NLH S235 H S275 H S355 H S275 NH/NLH S355 NH/NLH S460 NH/NLH S275 MH/MLH S355 MH/MLH S420 MH/MLH S460 MH/MLH
fy (MPa) Yield strength 215 255 335 410 255 335 390 430 255 335 390 430 215 335 440 215 255 335 255 335 390 430 - - - - - - - - - -
fu (MPa) Ultimate strength 360 410 470 550 370 470 520 540 360 450 500 530 340 490 550 340 410 490 370 470 520 550 - - - - - - - - - -
Notes
  1. Steel grades according to the standards EN 10025-2, EN 10025-3, EN 10025-4, EN 1002-5, EN 10025-6 are applicable for hot rolled structural steel. Steel grades with the designation 'H', according to the standard EN 10210-1 are applicable for hot finished structural hollow sections. Steel grades with the designation 'H', according to the standard EN 10219-1 are applicable for cold formed structural hollow sections. See Details below for the description of the relevant EN standard.
  2. Steel sub-grades JR, J0, J2, K2 characterize the ability of steel to behave in a ductile manner and therefore avoid brittle fracture, especially at low temperatures. The fracture toughness of steel is characterized in EN 1993-1-10 in terms of the KV(T) value i.e. the impact energy in Joules [J] required to fracture a Charpy V-notch specimen at a given test temperature T. Sub-grade JR correspond to a minimum KV of 27 J at Room temperature (+20°C). Sub-grade J0 correspond to a minimum KV of 27 J at 0°C. Sub-grade J2 correspond to a minimum KV of 27 J at -20°C. For more information see EN 1993-1-10.
Details

Design values of structural steel material properties

Nominal values of structural steel yield strength and ultimate strength

For structural design according to Eurocode 3 (EN1993-1-1), the nominal values of the yield strength fy and the ultimate strength fu for structural steel are obtained as a simplification from EN1993-1-1 Table 3.1, which is reproduced above in tabular format.

The provided values for fy and fu are nominal values. For the purpose of structural design appropriate material safety factors are applicable, such as the factors γM0, γM1, γM2 etc. in accordance with EN1993-1-1 §6.1.

The steel classes are defined in the corresponding standards:

  • EN 10025-2 Hot rolled products of structural steels. Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels

  • EN 10025-3 Hot rolled products of structural steels. Technical delivery conditions for normalized/normalized rolled weldable fine grain structural steels

  • EN 10025-4 Hot rolled products of structural steels. Technical delivery conditions for thermomechanical rolled weldable fine grain structural steels

  • EN 10025-5 Hot rolled products of structural steels. Technical delivery conditions for structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance

  • EN 10025-6 Hot rolled products of structural steels. Technical delivery conditions for flat products of high yield strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered condition

  • EN 10210-1 Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels. Technical delivery requirements

  • EN 10219-1 Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels. Technical delivery requirements

Unit weight and density of structural steel

The unit weight of structural steel is specified in the design standard EN 1991-1-1 Table A.4 between 77.0 kN/m3 and 78.5 kN/m3. For structural design it is standard practice to consider the unit weight of structural steel equal to γ = 78.5 kN/m3 and the density of structural steel approximately ρ = 7850 kg/m3.

Modulus of elasticity of structural steel

The modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus) of structural steel is specified in the design standard EN 1993-1-1 Section 3.2.6. For structural design the modulus of elasticity of structural steel is considered as E = 210000 MPa.

Design values of additional material mechanical properties for structural steel

According to EN1993-1-1 §3.2.6, the design values of the material properties and coefficients for structural steel are:

Modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus):
E = 210000 MPa
Shear modulus:
G = E / [ 2⋅(1 + ν) ] = 80769 MPa ≈ 81000 MPa
Poisson's ratio in elastic range:
ν = 0.30
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion:
α = 12 ×10-6 °K-1

According to EN1991-1-3 §3.2.6, for calculating the structural effects of unequal temperatures in composite concrete-steel structures to EN 1994 the coefficient of linear thermal expansion may be taken as α = 10 ×10-6 °K-1, i.e. the same as the coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete.

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